TIME AND NAVIGATION: THE UNTOLD STORY OF GETTING FROM HERE TO THERE
Book ID/图书代码： 12580015B78934
English Summary/英文概要： If you want to know where you are, you need a good clock. The surprising connection between time and place is explored in Time and Navigation: The Untold Story of Getting from Here to There, the companion book to the National Air and Space Museum exhibition of the same name.
Today we use smartphones and GPS, but navigating has not always been so easy. The oldest "clock" is Earth itself, and the oldest means of keeping time came from observing changes in the sky. Early mariners like the Vikings accomplished amazing feats of navigation without using clocks at all. Pioneering seafarers in the Age of Exploration used dead reckoning and celestial navigation; later innovations such as sextants and marine chronometers honed these techniques by measuring latitude and longitude. When explorers turned their sights to the skies, they built on what had been learned at sea. For example, Charles Lindbergh used a bubble sextant on his record-breaking flights. World War II led to the development of new flight technologies, notably radio navigation, since celestial navigation was not suited for all-weather military operations. These forms of navigation were extended and enhanced when explorers began guiding spacecraft into space and across the solar system. Astronauts combined celestial navigation technology with radio transmissions. The development of the atomic clock revolutionized space flight because it could measure billionths of a second, thereby allowing mission teams to navigate more accurately. Scientists and engineers applied these technologies to navigation on earth to develop space-based time and navigation services such as GPS that is used every day by people from all walks of life.
While the history of navigation is one of constant change and innovation, it is also one of remarkable continuity. Time and Navigation tells the story of navigation to help us understand where we have been and how we got there so that we can understand where we are going.
Chinese Summary/中文概要： 如果你想知道你在哪里，你需要一个好钟。时间和地点之间惊人的联系被探索在《时间和导航：从这里到那里的不为人知的故事》中，美国国家航空航天博物馆同名展览的配套书。
今天我们使用智能手机和GPS，但导航并不总是那么容易。最古老的“时钟”是地球本身，最古老的计时手段来自于观察天空的变化。像维京人这样的早期水手在根本不用时钟的情况下完成了惊人的航海壮举。探索时代的先驱海员使用了航位推算和天体导航；后来的发明，如六分仪和航海计时器，通过测量纬度和经度来磨练这些技术。当探险家们把目光转向天空时，他们建立在海上所学的基础上。例如，查尔斯•林德伯格在创纪录的飞行中使用了气泡六分仪。第二次世界大战导致了新的飞行技术的发展，特别是无线电导航，因为天体导航不适合全天候军事行动。当探险家们开始引导宇宙飞船进入太空并穿越太阳系时，这些导航形式得到了扩展和加强。宇航员将天文导航技术与无线电传输相结合。原子钟的发展给太空飞行带来了革命性的变化，因为它可以测量十亿分之一秒，从而使任务小组能够更精确地导航。科学家和工程师将这些技术应用于地球导航，开发出各行各业的人们每天都在使用的基于空间的时间和导航服务，如GPS。
航海史是一部不断变化和创新的历史，也是一部具有显著连续性的历史。《时间与导航》讲述了导航的故事，帮助我们了解我们到过哪里，以及我们是如何到达那里的，这样我们就可以了解我们要去哪里。（WYL）
Awards/获奖情况：史密森国家航空航天博物馆同名展品的伴奏是一本薄薄但令人印象深刻的书。约翰•斯顿，博物馆的地理学家，和馆长罗杰，康纳（仪器和航空电子），卡琳。斯蒂芬•斯（计时）和保罗•塞卢奇（航空电子和计算）解释说，时间和地点之间有一个明确但常常被忽视的联系。理解两者之间的关系对于航海的发展是不可或缺的。在材料，是明确和完美的逻辑，作者表明，一步一步，如何发展海上导航让位给空中，然后空间导航。反过来，空间导航的发展使实践从一门高度专业化、博学化的科学变成了日常工具。按时间顺序呈现，叙述展开，作者解释了不同国家和人民的政治、经济、科学和军事野心是如何建立在彼此的基础上的——例如，1848年加州淘金热对造船业和新海图的实施产生了影响。一个名为“导航出错”的特写偶尔出现，突出了历史上失败的探险，比如阿米莉亚•埃尔哈特的最后一次飞行和“水手一号”飞船的毁灭。另一个名为“遇见”的特写向读者介绍一些有影响力的人物，如教师菲利普•范霍恩•韦姆斯和钟表匠威廉•克兰奇•邦德。特定学科的术语，如天文钟和星盘的定义在文本中。这232幅全彩色黑白插图由许多照片、地图和图纸组成。为了使一个复杂的话题能够为非专业人士所理解，这本书是为普通成年人服务的图书馆的必备书。——詹妮弗•普林斯
About the Author/作者介绍： 安德鲁•约翰斯顿是国家航空航天博物馆的地理学家，他在那里研究地球科学和环境变化，并在地球和空间科学方面进行推广。
罗杰•康纳是国家航空航天博物馆仪器和航空电子设备的馆长。
卡琳•斯蒂芬斯是美国国家历史博物馆的计时馆长。
保罗•塞卢奇是国家航空航天博物馆航空电子和计算的馆长。
史密森国家航空航天博物馆拥有世界上最大的航空航天文物收藏。史密森•尼的美国历史国家博物馆探索了美国历史的丰富性和复杂性。这两个博物馆每年都接待数百万游客，成为世界上参观人数最多的博物馆之一。
ANDREW K. JOHNSTON is a geographer at the National Air and Space Museum, where he researches earth science and environmental change and performs outreach on earth and space science.
ROGER D. CONNOR is curator of instruments and avionics at the National Air and Space Museum.
CARLENE E. STEPHENS is the curator of timekeeping at the National Museum of American History.
PAUL E. CERUZZI is the curator of aerospace electronics and computing at the National Air and Space Museum.
The Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum possesses one of the largest collections of aviation and space artifacts in the world. The Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History explores the richness and complexity of the nation’s history. Both museums welcome millions of visitors a year, making them among the most visited museums in the world.
Format:全彩四色
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