HOW SOCIAL SCIENCE CAN HELP US MAKE BETTER CHOICES: OPTIMAL RATIONALITY IN ACTION
Book ID/图书代码： 04331418C00173
English Summary/英文概要： In a world beset with problems, how can we encourage people to act differently? It seems almost daily that new studies emerge telling us how human action is causing planetary degradation, how changes to our diets could lead to us living longer healthier lives, or that financially we are in danger of returning to the debt related crises of the previous decade. At the same time how many of us adjust our behaviour in response to such information?
In this new book Professor Chris Brown explores people’s reactions to Optimal Rational Positions: propositions that set out requirements for change. For example the need to reduce carbon emissions to minimize the impacts of climate change is an Optimal Rational Position; as is the need to engage in 30 minutes of exercise a day, to eat more healthily or to drink less alcohol. It seems obvious that we should want to pursue Optimal Rational Positions because they espouse the types of behaviours that will enable us to live healthier, happier or more productive lives; that can improve the lives and outcomes of others; or that can help us ensure social and environmental sustainability. Yet at the same time we often fail to change our behaviours to those which might be most optimal. Outlining an exciting and innovative route forward, and with real-life case studies from education, How Social Science Can Help Us Make Better Choices provides a new way to think about why people make the choices they make and, vitally, the role social science can play in response.
Chinese Summary/中文概要： 在一个充满问题的世界里，我们如何鼓励人们采取不同的行动?几乎每天都有新的研究告诉我们，人类行为是如何导致地球退化的，饮食的改变如何能让我们活得更长久、更健康，或者在财务上，我们有可能重蹈前十年债务危机的覆辙。与此同时，有多少人会根据这些信息调整自己的行为呢?
在这本新书中，克里斯•布朗教授探讨了人们对最优理性立场的反应:提出变革要求的命题。例如，减少碳排放以减少气候变化的影响是一种最佳的理性立场;就像每天锻炼30分钟，吃得更健康，或者少喝酒一样。很明显，我们应该追求最优的理性位置，因为它们支持能让我们生活得更健康、更幸福或更富有成效的行为类型;这可以改善他人的生活和结果;或者可以帮助我们确保社会和环境的可持续性。然而，与此同时，我们往往无法将我们的行为改变为那些可能是最理想的。通过教育领域的现实案例研究，社会科学如何帮助我们做出更好的选择，为我们提供了一种新的方式来思考为什么人们会做出他们做出的选择，以及社会科学在应对这些选择中所能发挥的至关重要的作用。（WYL）
Awards/获奖情况：作者考虑了社会科学在帮助人们做出更好的选择方面的作用，并探索了人们对最佳理性立场的反应，即为改变设定要求的主张。他认为,因为这些职位由事实和普遍渴望改善人们的生活,他们给人们一个实质性的要求做一些不同的事情,和人们应该想要追求最优理性的立场,因为他们提出的行为类型,使他们生活更健康,更快乐,或者更有效率的生活;改善他人的生活和结果;或确保社会和环境的可持续性。他讨论了如何通过理解需要改变人们的观点和行为来获得最佳的理性位置，以及如何实施行动计划来帮助实现这种改变。他描述了最优理性的概念;符号学分析如何填补理性的空白;来自教育的最优理性案例研究(关于不使用循证实践来改善教学和学生结果的教师);如何利用“场景”的符号学思想来改变一个最佳理性位置的可取性和人们与之相关联的愿望;以及从这项工作中获得的经验教训以及研究人员如何开发方法来最大化与最佳理性位置相关的行为类型以改善生活。——注释(c)2018”(protoview.com)”
The author considers the role of social science in helping people make better choices and explores people’s reactions to optimal rational positions, propositions that set requirements for change. He argues that because these positions consist of a combination of hard facts and a general desire to improve people’s lives, they present people with a substantive requirement to do something different, and that people should want to pursue optimal rational positions because they put forth the types of behaviors that will enable them to live healthier, happier, or more productive lives; improve the lives and outcomes of others; or ensure social and environmental sustainability. He discusses how optimal rational positions can be obtained by understanding what is needed to change people’s perspectives and behaviors, and how the plan of action can be implemented to help achieve this change. He describes the idea of optimal rationality; how semiotic analysis can fill gaps in rationality; an optimal rationality case study from education (of teachers who are not using evidence-informed practice to improve teaching and student outcomes); how the semiotic idea of "scenes" can be used to change the desirability of an optimal rational position and people’s wish to be associated with it; and lessons from this work for social science and the ways researchers can develop approaches to maximize the types of optimal rational position-related behavior to improve lives.--Annotation (c)2018 "(protoview.com) "
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