THE LONDON BOMBINGS

Book ID/图书代码： 13567919C00003

English Summary/英文概要： On July 7, 2005, at the end of the morning rush hour, three near-simultaneous explosions tore apart the London Underground. Within an hour, the entire subway network was evacuated, and a fourth explosion in a bus underscored that this was a terrorist operation. The bombings shattered the British counterterrorism services’ assumptions about the global neojihadi threat to Britain. Authorities pondered whether al Qaeda was a loose coalition with no clear leadership or a highly structured group with international reach that posed a clear threat to the United Kingdom. These two perspectives are not just academic disputes but raise important issues with real consequences in terms of counterterrorism strategy. What sorts of distinct measures are needed to combat these opposing forms of terrorism? What can we learn from the ways in which the London terror attacks were planned and executed—and from Britain’s response?

In The London Bombings, counterterrorism expert Marc Sageman seeks to answer these questions through a new detailed account and analysis of the Underground bombings as well as three other attacks directed at Britain between 2004 and 2006. Drawing on previously unavailable trial transcripts and law enforcement records, terrorists’ self-documentation, and his own government experience in counterterrorism, Sageman makes the case that "top down" and "bottom up" conceptions of terror organizations need not be incompatible and that, in part because of this binary thinking, the West has tended to overreact to the severity of the threat. He stresses the fluid, chaotic ways that terrorist events unfold: spontaneously and gradually with haphazard planning—as the perpetrators are often worldly, educated, and not particularly religious before becoming engaged in neojihadi activities. The London Bombings is a vital, persuasive account of events that have not yet been properly presented to the public and are critical to the foundation of an effective counterterrorism strategy.

Chinese Summary/中文概要： 2005年7月7号，早高峰结束之际，三场几乎同时发生的爆炸将伦敦地下夷为平地。一个小时之内，整个地铁网络得以疏散，第四场公交车爆炸事件表明这是一起恐怖行动。爆炸事件粉碎了英国反恐部门关于全球新圣战主义对英国威胁的设想。当局在考虑，基地组织是一个没有明确领导的松散联盟，还是一个具有国际影响力的高度组织，对英国构成了明显的威胁。这两种观点不仅是学术上的争论，而且在反恐战略方面提出了具有实际影响的重要问题。需要采取哪些独特的措施来打击这些对立形式的恐怖主义?我们能从伦敦恐怖袭击的策划和实施方式以及英国的应对中学到什么？

在《伦敦连环爆炸案》，反恐专家马克•塞奇曼力求通过对地铁爆炸案以及另外三场发生在2004年到2006年的爆炸案的详细描述和分析来回答上述问题。利用以前未经公开的审判笔录和执法记录，恐怖分子的自我记录，以及他自己在反恐方面的政府经验，赛奇曼认为对恐怖组织“自上而下”和“自下而上”的概念不一定是不相容的，部分原因在于这种二元思维，西方往往对威胁的严重性反应过度。

他强调了恐怖主义事件发展采用了不稳定且混乱的方式：由于行凶者通常不谙世事，受过教育，而且在参与新圣战活动之前并不特别虔诚，所以他们会自发地、逐步地进行随机计划。《伦敦连环爆炸案》是一部重要的、充满说服力的作品，将那些尚未向公众合理解释的事件展示给大众，本书对有效反恐战略的基础至关重要。（XMM）

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About the Author/作者介绍： 马克•塞奇曼，法医精神病学家和政治社会学家，以及一名持证的法庭反恐专家。他著有《转向政治暴力》、《误解恐怖主义》、《无领袖圣战》和《理解恐怖网络》，均由从宾夕法尼亚大学出版社出版。

Marc Sageman, a forensic psychiatrist and political sociologist, is a qualified court counterterrorism expert. He is author of Turning to Political Violence, Misunderstanding Terrorism, Leaderless Jihad, and Understanding Terror Networks, all available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.

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