BONES TO PICK: HOW TWO CONTROVERSIAL DISCOVERIES HAVE REVOLUTIONIZED
Book ID/图书代码： 09499009B32285
English Summary/英文概要： Nothing provokes as much curiosity, argument, and dogma as the subject of human origins. The topic is of vital concern to everyone, from the four-year-old child who asks her parents “Where did I come from?” to religious leaders the world over who adhere to traditional beliefs about the creation of humans and our role in the cosmos. Most, if not all, cultures have origin stories – and so do the scientists who study human evolution, which is one reason why the field of paleoanthropology is known for being particularly acrimonious. I have seen academics almost come to fisticuffs over their differences of opinion, and my own published views have been subject to intense, and sometimes unpleasant, collegial scrutiny.
The reason my own work has drawn such attention is because I study the evolution of the human brain. It is our brains, after all, that set us apart from other animals; they are the physical locus of all of the cognitive, neurological, and emotional traits that make us human. I think this is why the subfield of paleoanthropology that focuses on brain evolution – called paleoneurology – is known, quite correctly, for being especially contentious. It is also why casts from the braincases of our ancestors (endocasts), which provide us with a physical record of this most important human feature, have been crucial for interpreting newly discovered fossils from the human family, including the two major discoveries discussed in this book.
Chinese Summary/中文概要： 美國科學促進協會榮譽會員 Dean Falk教授
揭開托爾金《魔戒》小說中 哈比人的真實樣貌
再也沒有什麼課題，比人類起源本身更能勾起人們如此強烈的好奇 古代原人與哈比人，Dean Falk教授闡述兩大人種發現所帶來的爭論及科學革命。
再也沒有什麼課題，比人類起源本身更能勾起人們如此強烈的好奇。Dean Falk教授的發現伴隨著爭議，人類起源的問題始終困擾著我們。下到四歲的小孩，會不停纏著父母追問「我們究竟從何而來？」、上至宗教團體的權威，試圖借助古老的傳說來解釋人類的誕生。
人類起源，幾乎每個人類文明都有著各種的說法，每個人類進化學者也會給出各自不同的理論，這也就可以解釋，為何現今的古人類學界，是如此充滿爭議性。
Dean Falk教授致力人類大腦進化的研究已有多年，觀點往往總會招致業內人士的關注。Falk教授表示我們的大腦，讓人類從其他物種中脫穎而出；這也就是為何，古人類學中的這塊被稱作人類神經學的研究，總是充滿了爭議。人類祖先的頭骨，不僅揭示了人類起源這一重要的特徵，同時對於分析新近出土人類化石的工作，也提供了關鍵性的幫助。
Falk教授對於他發現哈比人的爭議同樣圍繞在人類頭骨的研究。他對顱骨進行了CT掃描，得出結論是，古人類學界一些傳統的觀點很有可能將被徹底顛覆。而他在本書中分享的寶貴知識，將令你對人類起源的迷思得到不同的答案。(WHL & CL)
Awards/获奖情况：Dean Falk教授作品索引
-- NOVA, 美國公共廣播公司(PBS), Alien from Earth, 哈比人”頭骨 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/hobbit/
-- 時代週刊( Time), “The Hobbit: Out of Africa,”http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1892606,00.html
-- 今日美國(USA Today), “Ancient Hobbits May Have Met Humans,”http://blogs.usatoday.com/sciencefair/2009/04/ancient-hobbits-may-have-met-humans.html
-- 美國新聞及世界報導(US News & World Report), “Hobbit Foot, Hippo Skulls Deepen Ancestral Mystery, http://www.usnews.com/articles/science/2009/05/07/hobbit-foot-hippo-skulls-deepen-ancestral-mystery.html
-- 國家地理雜誌(National Geographic),“Hobbit Was Own Species,”
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/01/070129-hobbit.html
-- BBC新聞, “Hobbit Human Is New Species,”
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6311619.stm
-- 華爾街日報(Wall Street Journal), “Heady Theories on the Contours of Einstein’s Genius,”
http://online.wsj.com/article_email/SB124293408731044311-lMyQjAxMDI5NDIyMzkyMzM0Wj.html
-- 威斯康辛公共廣播(Wisconsin Public Radio), “Conversations with Joy Cardin,”
-- 聖達菲公共廣播(Santa Fe Public Radio), “The Journey Home,”
-- 達拉斯公共廣播(Dallas Public Radio), “Think,”
-- 加拿大探索頻道頻道( Discovery Channel Canada),
-- 美國廣播公司電臺(ABC TV), The Hobbit Enigma， 關於哈比人化石
-- 日本廣播電視臺(NHK TV), The Origins of Diseases, Dyslexia; 關於人類大腦進化
相關書評:
“ ...語言的起源(FINDING OUR TONGUES)一書中對於語言的產生及發展進行了大膽的假設 ... 原汁原味，引人深思，堪稱佳作”---波士頓環球報(Boston Globe)
“語言的起源，在學術界向來是備受關注的話題 ---- 極具爭議性且難以考證，但始終是各方關注的焦點。但在母嬰理論這一方面，福克一語道破了人類學家在研究過程中所忽略的盲點：作為長久以來的固有觀點，就像捕獵者與工具製造技術間，相互共同進化著那樣，從語言學的角度來看，幼稚教育的假設卻更具說服力 ... 人類祖先簡單的大腦 ---- 對於思考的匱乏 ---- 一說並不適用與福克的理論。她在本中指出，最初的母語不僅啟蒙了嬰兒的語言能力，同時也促成了他們思維的生成 --- 意識性，人格性等等。”---國家雜誌(The Nation)
About the Author/作者介绍： Dean Falk is Hale G. Smith Professor and Chair of the Department of Anthropology at Florida State University and honorary professor of human biology at the University of Vienna. Her work has focused especially on gender differences and the origins of language and music in the brain. She recently led a scientific team to make casts of the newly discovered hominin fossil H. floresiensis (known as “the Hobbit”), featured in National Geographic and NOVA documentaries, and her work has been featured in leading scientific journals, as well as in Time, Newsweek, Scientific American, Science, The New York Times, The Washington Post, USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, CNN, ABC, CBS, NBC, the BBC, Miami Herald, Houston Chronicle, The Guardian and The Times of London, New Scientist, and many other papers in the U.S. and worldwide. She was elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2000 and is also the author of Finding Our Tongues (Basic), Braindance (Holt; reprint University Press of Florida) and Primate Diversity (Norton).
Dean Falk教授，佛羅里達州立大學人類學院主席，維也納大學人體生物學榮譽教授。Falk教授多年來致力於兩性差異及人腦語言和音樂機能的研究工作。所帶領的科研小組，對新近發現的「佛洛瑞斯人」(又稱“哈比人”) 化石進行了分析及考證。國家地理雜誌及NOVA都對其研究專案進行了相關報導。
除了科學領域的刊物外，Falk教授的名字也經常出現在，如時代週刊(Time), 新聞週刊(Newsweek), 美國科學人(Scientific American), 科學週刊(Science),紐約時報 (The New York Times)，華盛頓郵報(The Washington Post), 今日美國(USA Today), 華爾街日報(The Wall Street Journal), CNN, ABC, CBS, NBC, BBC, 邁阿密先驅報(Miami Herald), 休斯頓紀事報(Houston Chronicle),英國衛報( The Guardian) and 泰晤士報(The Times of London), 新科學家雜誌(New Scientist) 等全球眾多的知名媒體之上。
2000年，Falk教授入選美國科學促進協會榮譽會員。
著有《Finding Our Tongues》、《Braindance》及《Primate Diversity》等書。
Format:电子手稿
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