POLICE INTERROGATIONS AND FALSE CONFESSIONS: CURRENT RESEARCH, PRACTICE, AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
Book ID/图书代码： 00580009B34226
English Summary/英文概要： Although it is generally believed that wrongful convictions based on false confessions are relatively rare—the 1989 Central Park jogger "wilding" case being the most notorious example—recent exonerations of the innocent through DNA testing are increasing at a rate that few in the criminal justice system might have speculated. Because of the growing realization of the false confession phenomenon, psychologists, sociologists, and legal/law-enforcement scholars and practitioners have begun to examine the factors embedded in American criminal investigations and interrogations that may lead innocent people to implicate themselves in crimes they did not commit.
Police Interrogations and False Confessions brings together a group of renowned scholars and practitioners in the fields of social psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, criminology, clinical-forensic psychology, and law to examine three salient dimensions of false confessions:
* interrogation tactics and the problem of false confessions
* review of Supreme Court decisions regarding Miranda warnings and custodial interrogations
* new research on juvenile confessions and deception in interrogative interviews
Chapters include well-recognized programs of research on the topics of interrogative interviewing, false confessions, the detection of deception in forensic interviews, individual differences, and clinical-forensic evaluations.
The book concludes with policy recommendations to attenuate the institutional and social psychological persistence (and pervasiveness) of the various inducements and impediments that have informed law enforcement’s interrogation techniques and the types of false confessions they encourage.
Chinese Summary/中文概要： 尽管人们普遍认为基于虚假口供错判比较少见——但是1989年中央公园慢跑者的“野生植物”案可以算是最臭名昭著的例子了——近年来，通过DNA检测证实清白无辜的比例在增加，刑事司法体系很少能对此作出判断。由于对虚伪供述现象的认识与日俱增，心理学家、社会学家和法律/执法学者以及相关从业人员已开始研究美国的刑事调查和审讯，以及因此而可能导致无辜的人卷入其中的可能。 《警方审讯和假供》汇集了社会心理学、认知心理学、发展心理学、犯罪学、临床和法医心理学以及法律等领域的知名学者和从业人员审视三个突出的假供套路：
*审讯策略和假口供问题
*最高法院关于米兰达警告和拘留盘问的决定回顾
*对审讯过程中未成年人供认和欺骗的新研究
本书章节包括以审讯、虚假供认、检测法医访谈的欺骗性、个体差异和临床/法医评估为主题的知名研究计划。
这本书最后的结论带来了政策建议，旨在减弱体制和社会心理对各种诱因的持久性(以及普及程度)以及对增强执法的审讯技术的阻碍和他们所鼓励的各类虚假供述。(兼职翻译-JDM)
Awards/获奖情况：
About the Author/作者介绍： 丹尼尔•拉西特现为美国俄亥俄州大学的心理学教授以及心理学协会资深会员。1984年，他于弗吉尼亚大学获得博士学位，并担任俄亥俄大学客座教授。1987年他担任佛罗里达大学客座教授。在超过25年的时间里，他就社会评判和决策机制进行研究。与此同时，他开发了最早的奖学金理论，旨在审查模拟陪审员如何评价供认证据的效力呈报方案，这使他获得2010年美国心理学协会颁发的公共政策研究杰出贡献奖。他对供词中录像画面视角产生偏见的研究影响了“证明清白”计划摄录要求规定的立法模型，美国心理学与法律公会最近通过一项关于审讯与口供的政策文件。拉西特博士的研究已获得到了美国国家科学基金会的支持，使他得以在各大专业刊物发表各类文章。他是《审问、忏悔与陷阱》(2004年)的编辑，现为《法律与人类行为》、《法律与犯罪心理学》和《法医心理学入门》期刊的顾问编辑。 克里斯•迈斯纳博士埃尔帕索克萨斯大学心理学和刑事司法学副教授。他拥有美国佛罗里达州立大学(2001年)认知和行为科学的博士学位，并主持关于审讯和供述过程中的心理实证的研究，包括周围的目击者回忆和识别、欺骗检测以及审讯和供认。他出版了大量期刊文章和书籍章节受到同行评论。他的研究受到美国国家科学基金会和美国国防部的资助。他曾担任国家科学基金会、美国国家科学院、美国国防部部和美国国土安全部顾问团成员，目前他是几个著名的学术刊物的编委，包括《应用认知心理学服务》、《法律和人类行为》与《法律和犯罪心理学》。他也为多个美国联邦法院目击者误认而导致的伪证问题提供咨询意见。
G. Daniel Lassiter, PhD, is a professor of psychology at Ohio University and a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science. He received his doctoral degree in 1984 from the University of Virginia and held a visiting position at the University of Florida before arriving at Ohio University in 1987. For more than 25 years, he has conducted research on perceptual mechanisms in social judgment and decision making. During this same period, he developed one of the first theoretically driven programs of scholarship aimed at examining the effect of presentation format on how mock jurors evaluate confession evidence, which earned him the 2010 Award for Distinguished Contributions to Research in Public Policy from the American Psychological Association. His research on the camera perspective bias in videotaped confessions has influenced model legislation for a videotaping requirement developed by the Innocence Project and is noted prominently in the recent policy paper on interrogations and confessions endorsed by the American Psychology–Law Society Executive Committee. Dr. Lassiter’s research has been supported by funds from the National Science Foundation and has resulted in numerous articles in major professional publications. He is the editor of Interrogations, Confessions, and Entrapment (2004) and is presently a consulting editor for the journals Law and Human Behavior, Legal and Criminological Psychology, and the Open Access Journal of Forensic Psychology.
Christian A. Meissner, PhD, is an associate professor of psychology and criminal justice at the University of Texas at El Paso. He holds a doctoral degree in cognitive and behavioral science from Florida State University (2001) and conducts empirical studies on the psychological processes underlying investigative interviews, including issues surrounding eyewitness recall and identification, deception detection, and interrogations and confessions. He has published numerous peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, and his research has been funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Defense. He has served on advisory panels for the National Science Foundation, the National Academy of Sciences, the U.S. Department of Defense, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and he currently serves on the editorial boards of several prominent academic journals, including Applied Cognitive Psychology, Law and Human Behavior, and Legal and Criminological Psychology. He has also consulted on issues of eyewitness misidentification and false confession in numerous state and federal courts in the United States.
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