THE MONEY LAUNDRY: REGULATING CRIMINAL FINANCE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Book ID/图书代码: 03360010B43252
English Summary/英文概要: A generation ago not a single country had laws to counter money laundering; now, more countries have standardized anti–money laundering (AML) policies than have armed forces. In The Money Laundry, J. C. Sharman investigates whether AML policy works, and why it has spread so rapidly to so many states with so little in common. Sharman asserts that there are few benefits to such policies but high costs, which fall especially heavily on poor countries. Sharman tests the effectiveness of AML laws by soliciting offers for just the kind of untraceable shell companies that are expressly forbidden by global standards. In practice these are readily available, and the author had no difficulty in buying the services of such companies. After dealing with providers in countries ranging from the Seychelles and Somalia to the United States and Britain, Sharman demonstrates that it is easier to form untraceable companies in large rich states than in small poor ones; the United States is the worst offender.
Despite its ineffectiveness, AML policy has spread via three paths. The Financial Action Task Force, the key standard-setter and enforcer in this area, has successfully implemented a strategy of blacklisting to promote compliance. Publicly identified as noncompliant, targeted states suffered damage to their reputation. Subsequently, officials from poor countries became socialized within transnational policy networks. Finally, international banks began using the presence of AML policy as a proxy for general country risk. Developing states have responded by adopting this policy as a functionally useless but symbolically valuable way of reassuring powerful outsiders. Since the financial crisis of 2008, the G20 has used the successful methods of coercive policy diffusion pioneered in the AML realm as a model for other global governance initiatives.
Chinese Summary/中文概要: 一代人以前,没有一个国家有应对洗钱的法律;现在,比起拥有的武装部队,更多的国家设立了标准反洗钱法。《洗钱》一书里,J.C.Sharman调查研究了反洗钱法是否有效,以及反洗钱法为何能如此快速地传播给很多几乎无相似点的国家。Sharman通过向被国际标准明令禁止的无法跟踪的空壳公司征求报价,来测试反洗钱法的作用。实际上,这些早就准备好,作者不费吹灰之力就能购买到这些公司的服务。从塞舌尔和索马里到美国和英国,在与各国的供应商做了交易后,Sharman阐述道在大的富国组建无法追踪的公司要比在小的穷国容易;美国是最差劲的违法者。
除了无作用以为,反洗钱法通过三条途径传播。金融行动特别工作组----该领域的核心标准制定者和执行者,成功地实施了黑名单战略,来推动合规性。被公认为非合规性的国家会遭受名誉上的损失。如此一来,穷国的官员只能周旋于跨国的政策交际网中。最终,国际上的银行开始使用反洗钱法作为一般国家风险的代理人。发展中国家也采纳了这项基本无用但能象征性的消除强国疑虑的有效法律。自从2008年金融危机以来,20国政府集团也运用了在反洗钱法领域充当先锋作用的强制性的法律,作为其他全球监督举措的典型。(LNL)
Awards/获奖情况:“有据可查,非常有条理性,运用了大量的有趣例子,《洗钱》带领读者经历了后911时代全球反洗钱法法律驱动的复杂性……Sharman不仅提供了必要的有建设性的批判反洗钱法,而且展示了我们如何利用其成功的方面。”------Lorretta Napoleoni,国际事务(2012年7月)
“在当前非法工作的背景下,J.C.Sharman的书《洗钱:控制全球经济下的金融罪犯》是一大杰出贡献者。Sharman开始瞧向快速的几乎不受挑战的反洗钱法的全球扩散以及国际组织的工作标准……该书从一个内行人的视角,加上一支学术小分队……他的工作如果不吸引大众的目光,这是一种耻辱。”----Tim Hall,经济地理(2012年12月)
“《洗钱》一书中,J.C.Sharman深入探索了打击洗钱的努力。通过详尽的研究、访谈和突击性的直接测试法,Sharman阐述了反洗钱制度的全面和不正常的性质。这本写得很好的书将对任何一个从事全球管理或者全球政治经济的人来说,有很大的益处。详细的有趣信息就是黄金,就像攻击瑙鲁不存在的金融部门和以反洗钱为目的的电子表格软件的不兼容性的乖僻行为。”----Daniel W.Drezner,塔夫茨大学弗莱彻国际政治学院,《所有政治学都是全球范围的:解释国际规则制度》的作者
“J.C.Sharman的《洗钱》应该要求那些对全球治理的政治学有兴趣的人读。这本书给我们展示了作为全球政治力量的反洗钱制度的核心重要性。Sharman做了些特殊的先期研究,包括使用一些非常有创意的(甚至是大胆的)测试反洗钱系统的方法。这本书是一本迷人的读本,文字非常优美,易被广大读者所接纳。”----Jacqueline Best,渥太华大学,《透明度限制》的作者
“《洗钱》是非凡的重要的工作,将过分挑剔的、见多识广的镜头转向全球反洗钱运动。它产生了一些基础的问题,无论是发达国家还是,特别是在发展中国家,对于现行的严重犯罪控制方法的合理性问题。”----Michael Levi,卡迪夫大学,《幽灵资本家》的作者
About the Author/作者介绍: J.C.Sharman是格里菲斯大学公共政治与管理中心的教授。他是《洗钱:控制全球经济下的金融罪犯》和《暴风雨的避风港:全球税收调控的斗争》的作者,两本书都是来自康奈尔大学,《腐败和洗钱:一种共生的关系》的合著人。J. C. Sharman is Professor in the Centre for Governance and Public Policy, Griffith University. He is the author of The Money Laundry: Regulating Criminal Finance in the Global Economy and Havens in a Storm: The Struggle for Global Tax Regulation, both from Cornell, and coauthor of Corruption and Money Laundering: A Symbiotic Relationship.
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