NATURE’S BODY: GENDER IN THE MAKING OF MODERN SCIENCE
Book ID/图书代码： 11729013B60574
English Summary/英文概要： Winner of the Ludwik Fleck Book Prize, Society for Social Studies of Science, 1995
Eighteenth-century natural historians created a peculiar, and peculiarly durable, vision of nature—one that embodied the sexual and racial tensions of that era. When plants were found to reproduce sexually, eighteenth-century botanists ascribed to them passionate relations, polyandrous marriages, and suicidal incest, and accounts of steamy plant sex began to infiltrate the botanical literature of the day. Naturalists also turned their attention to the great apes just becoming known to eighteenth-century Europeans, clothing the females in silk vestments and training them to sip tea with the modest demeanor of English matrons, while imagining the males of the species fully capable of ravishing women.
Written with humor and meticulous detail, Nature’s Body draws on these and other examples to uncover the ways in which assumptions about gender, sex, and race have shaped scientific explanations of nature. Schiebinger offers a rich cultural history of science and a timely and passionate argument that science must be restructured in order to get it right.
Chinese Summary/中文概要：
1995年盧德維克•弗萊克社會學研究書籍圖書獎。
18世紀的自然歷史學家在當時性別運動和種族運動的影響下創造了一種獨特的自然觀。他們將植物的繁殖歸結為熱烈的性關係、一夫多妻的婚姻甚至是危險的亂倫。這種“乾柴烈火”的植物性交滲透入當時的植物文學。自然學家們甚至越來越注意猿的性生活，雖然這種物種剛剛為人們所瞭解。歐洲人總是努力將女性訓練地文質彬彬，讓她們穿絲綢的胸衣，教導她們斯文地喝茶，但將男性想像成樂於進攻女性的物種。
以幽默、謹慎的手法描寫，《自然的身體》利用各種例子解釋自然對性別、性和人種的理解。Schiebinger為我們提供了對自然歷史的豐富文化研究和熱烈的討論以證明我們應該重塑科學系統才能把這些觀念擺正。(Celia)
Awards/获奖情况：From Library Journal
This historical study explores the influence of sex roles in the development of modern science, much of which has been defined by the science of the 18th century; today’s names, viewpoints, and approaches reflect the sexual and racial prejudices of 18th-century European men. Schiebinger ( The Mind Has No Sex , LJ 11/1/89) looks closely at a few illustrative cases, including botanists’ use of erotic language to describe plant reproduction, Linneaus’s decision to name a group of animals mammals even though breasts are not the most prominent unifying characteristic, and the discovery of apes and how scientists defined their relationship to human males and females. She concludes with a very good discussion of 18th-century perceptions of race and sex roles. Highly recommended for all libraries.- Eric D. Al bright, Galter Health Sciences Lib., Northwestern Univ., Chicago
From Booklist
In a fascinating, informative, and well-argued book, Schiebinger examines how knowledge has been molded by science’s inclusion and exclusion of subjects and workers as well as by social and political struggles. She focuses upon the eighteenth century and begins with Linnaeus and botanical classification, especially its sexual aspects, going on to the social origins and consequences as well as the gender politics that surrounded the great taxonomist’s introduction of the term mammalia (Schiebinger advances other terms he could have chosen). Schiebinger subsequently chronicles the rise of scientific racism and sexism and examines the place of females in the great chain of being, raising provocative, pertinent questions such as why was the skull, not the pelvis, selected as the basic unit for anatomical investigation? Carefully selected illustrations support the text’s arguments, as do some 70 pages of notes and bibliography. William Beatty --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
(Beacon Press, 1993; reissued with a new preface by Rutgers University Press, 2004). Foreign Translations: Japanese (Tokyo: Kosakusha Publishing Co., 1996); German (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta Verlag, 1995); and Hungarian (in preparation).
About the Author/作者介绍： 隆達 席賓格教授是斯坦福大學歷史系科學歷史專業教授；歐美科學、醫藥、工程領域性別研究主任。2004-2010年席賓格教授是斯坦福大學克萊曼性別研究所的主任。在過去的20年裡，席賓格教授分析了性別科學領域裡的三個相互關聯又不相同的主題：女性參與科學研究的歷史，科研機構的結構和人類知識產生的性別區別。
隆達 席賓格教授在聯合國2010年在巴黎展開的性別、科學和技術專家組會議上發表了主旨演講並寫了背景概念論文。她2011年2月于紐約向聯合國發表了自己的研究發現。2011年3月聯合國決議呼籲“科技領域的性別研究”以及“科技領域中性別方面”研究的整合。
她和歐洲委員會共同合作過幾個領域、2011年1月她進入歐盟性別創新研究項目組，此項目已經吸引了來自美國和歐洲27各國家專家的力量
Londa Schiebinger is professor of history of science and the Barbara D. Finberg Director of the Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Stanford University. She is the author of numerous books including, The Mind Has No Sex?, Has Feminism Changed Science?, Feminism and the Body, and Plants and Empire.
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