PLANTS AND EMPIRE: COLONIAL BIOPROSPECTING IN THE ATLANTIC WORLD
Book ID/图书代码： 06100013B61086
English Summary/英文概要： Plants seldom figure in the grand narratives of war, peace, or even everyday life yet they are often at the center of high intrigue. In the eighteenth century, epic scientific voyages were sponsored by European imperial powers to explore the natural riches of the New World, and uncover the botanical secrets of its people. Bioprospectors brought back medicines, luxuries, and staples for their king and country. Risking their lives to discover exotic plants, these daredevil explorers joined with their sponsors to create a global culture of botany.
But some secrets were unearthed only to be lost again. In this moving account of the abuses of indigenous Caribbean people and African slaves, Schiebinger describes how slave women brewed the "peacock flower" into an abortifacient, to ensure that they would bear no children into oppression. Yet, impeded by trade winds of prevailing opinion, knowledge of West Indian abortifacients never flowed into Europe. A rich history of discovery and loss, Plants and Empire explores the movement, triumph, and extinction of knowledge in the course of encounters between Europeans and the Caribbean populations.
Londa Schiebinger’s scholarly study covers botanical exploration during what the author calls ’the long eighteenth century’: from the 1670s until about 1802. This was a period of dawning European recognition that the real treasures of the New World lay not in fabled cities of gold but in the vines, bushes, and flowers that crowded village gardens and grew in the jungles beyond...Schiebinger’s thoughtful study, then, sheds light not only on how new knowledge comes to be, but also on how some new knowledge comes to be ignored. (Natural History 20050401)
Chinese Summary/中文概要： 植物的很少出現在戰爭、和平甚至是日常的陰謀欺詐中。18世紀時，歐洲帝王資助科學遠航以去尋找物資豐富的新世界，挖掘那裡奇異的植物和秘密。植物探尋者們為他們的帝王帶回了草藥、奢侈品和原料。他們冒著生命危險探尋奇異的植物，大膽地塑造全球的植物文化。
但有些秘密被找見後又會遺失。書中描述了加勒比土著和非洲奴隸的一些植物使用方式，作者描寫了女奴們如何用“孔雀花”釀制墮胎藥，以防再有孩子出生後就受壓迫。但由於當時觀念的阻礙，這種西印度的墮胎藥沒有被傳到歐洲。《植物和帝國》討論了歐洲和加勒比文化相遇後科學知識的移動、消失和成功。
Londa Schiebinger的學術研究覆蓋了作者所說的“長久的18世紀”即17世紀70年代到1802年的植物學研究。在這個歐洲文化的開化之初，大家已經意識到新世界裡的財寶不只是傳統的黃金，而是農家花園和樹林裡的葡萄樹、灌木叢、花朵。Schiebinger的全面考察不僅告訴我們有些新知識是如何被發現的，也表現了有些知識是如何被遺漏的。（Celia）
Awards/获奖情况：Foreign Translation: Japanese (Kosakusha Publishing Co., 2007).
About the Author/作者介绍： 隆達 席賓格教授是斯坦福大學歷史系科學歷史專業教授；歐美科學、醫藥、工程領域性別研究主任。2004-2010年席賓格教授是斯坦福大學克萊曼性別研究所的主任。在過去的20年裡，席賓格教授分析了性別科學領域裡的三個相互關聯又不相同的主題：女性參與科學研究的歷史，科研機構的結構和人類知識產生的性別區別。
隆達 席賓格教授在聯合國2010年在巴黎展開的性別、科學和技術專家組會議上發表了主旨演講並寫了背景概念論文。她2011年2月于紐約向聯合國發表了自己的研究發現。2011年3月聯合國決議呼籲“科技領域的性別研究”以及“科技領域中性別方面”研究的整合。
她和歐洲委員會共同合作過幾個領域、2011年1月她進入歐盟性別創新研究項目組，此項目已經吸引了來自美國和歐洲27各國家專家的力量。
Londa Schiebinger is the John L. Hinds Professor of History of Science in the History Department at Stanford University and Director of the EU/US Gendered Innovations in Science, Medicine, and Engineering Project. From 2004-2010, Schiebinger served as the Director of Stanford’s Clayman Institute for Gender Research. Over the past twenty years, Schiebinger’s work has been devoted to teasing apart three analytically distinct but interlocking pieces of the gender and science puzzle: the history of women’s participation in science; the structure of scientific institutions; and the gendering of human knowledge.
Londa Schiebinger presented the keynote address and wrote the conceptual background paper for the United Nations’ Expert Group Meeting on Gender, Science, and Technology, September 2010 in Paris. She presented the finding at the United Nations in New York, February 2011. The UN Resolutions of March 2011 call for "gender-based analysis ... in science and technology" and for the integrations of a "gender perspective in science and technology curricula."
She has worked with the European Commission on a number of projects. January 2011 she entered into a major collaboration with the European Union for her Gendered Innovations project. In addition to drawing experts from across the US, this project now has access to experts from the EU 27 member states.
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