NOT QUITE SHAMANS: SPIRIT WORLDS AND POLITICAL LIVES IN NORTHERN MONGOLIA
Book ID/图书代码： 03360013B61599
English Summary/英文概要： The forms of contemporary society and politics are often understood to be diametrically opposed to any expression of the supernatural; what happens when those forms are themselves regarded as manifestations of spirits and other occult phenomena? In Not Quite Shamans, Morten Axel Pedersen explores how the Darhad people of Northern Mongolia’s remote Shishged Valley have understood and responded to the disruptive transition to postsocialism by engaging with shamanic beliefs and practices associated with the past.
For much of the twentieth century, Mongolia’s communist rulers attempted to eradicate shamanism and the shamans who once served as spiritual guides and community leaders. With the transition from a collectivized economy and a one-party state to a global capitalist market and liberal democracy in the 1990s, the people of the Shishged were plunged into a new and harsh world that seemed beyond their control. "Not-quite-shamans"—young, unemployed men whose undirected energies erupted in unpredictable, frightening bouts of violence and drunkenness that seemed occult in their excess— became a serious threat to the fabric of community life. Drawing on long-term fieldwork in Northern Mongolia, Pedersen details how, for many Darhads, the postsocialist state itself has become shamanic in nature.
In the ideal version of traditional Darhad shamanism, shamans can control when and for what purpose their souls travel, whether to other bodies, landscapes, or worlds. Conversely, caught between uncontrollable spiritual powers and an excessive display of physical force, the "not-quite-shamans" embody the chaotic forms—the free market, neoliberal reform, and government corruption—that have created such upheaval in peoples’ lives. As an experimental ethnography of recent political and economic transformations in Mongolia through the defamiliarizing prism of shamans and their lack, Not Quite Shamans is an attempt to write about as well as theorize postsocialism, and shamanism, in a new way.
Chinese Summary/中文概要： 当代社会和政治的形式通常被理解为完全反对任何超自然的表达；当这些形式本身被认为是精神和其他超自然的表现时又会发生什么？在《不完全的萨满》里，莫滕•阿克塞尔•佩德森探讨了蒙古北方的人们如何通过参与过去萨满教的信仰和习俗，来促进对后社会主义的破坏性过度的理解和回复。
对于20世纪的大部分时间，蒙古的共产主义统治者试图消灭曾经担任精神导师和社区领袖的萨满教巫师。从集体化经济和一党制国家到20世纪90年代全球性的资本主义市场和自由民主的过渡，Shishged的人们陷入了一个新的并严酷的世界，这似乎超出了他们的控制。“不完全巫师”是一些年轻的失业男子，他们无方向的能量能在不可预测的情况下爆发，可怕的暴力和酗酒的发作似乎隐藏了过剩的力量，这严重威胁到社会生活。通过在蒙古北部长期的实地测绘，佩德森详细介绍了对于很多Darhads，后社会主义国家本身是如何具有萨满教性质的。
在传统Darhad萨满教的理想版本中，萨满可以控制什么时间以及什么目的的精神旅行，无论是向别人的身体，土地或者是世界。相反，陷入无法控制的精神世界力量和过度的展示武力之间，“不完全巫师”呈现了混乱的形式——自由市场，新自由主义改革，政府腐败——这给人们的生活造成了动荡。在蒙古最近的政治和经济转换中，作为实验民族志，通过梳理萨满和他们自己的缺点，《不完全的萨满》是一个以新方式来写后社会主义和萨满教的尝试。(LNL)
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About the Author/作者介绍： 莫滕•阿克塞尔•佩德森是哥本哈根大学人类学副教授。Morten Axel Pedersen is Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Copenhagen.
Format:照片
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