THE BUSINESS OF EMPIRE: UNITED FRUIT, RACE, AND U.S. EXPANSION IN CENTRAL AMERICA

Book ID/图书代码： 03360013B63133

English Summary/英文概要： The link between private corporations and U.S. world power has a much longer history than most people realize. Transnational firms such as the United Fruit Company represent an earlier stage of the economic and cultural globalization now taking place throughout the world. Drawing on a wide range of archival sources in the United States, Great Britain, Costa Rica, and Guatemala, Colby combines "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches to provide new insight into the role of transnational capital, labor migration, and racial nationalism in shaping U.S. expansion into Central America and the greater Caribbean. The Business of Empire places corporate power and local context at the heart of U.S. imperial history.

In the early twentieth century, U.S. influence in Central America came primarily in the form of private enterprise, above all United Fruit. Founded amid the U.S. leap into overseas empire, the company initially depended upon British West Indian laborers. When its black workforce resisted white American authority, the firm adopted a strategy of labor division by recruiting Hispanic migrants. This labor system drew the company into increased conflict with its host nations, as Central American nationalists denounced not only U.S. military interventions in the region but also American employment of black immigrants. By the 1930s, just as Washington renounced military intervention in Latin America, United Fruit pursued its own Good Neighbor Policy, which brought a reduction in its corporate colonial power and a ban on the hiring of black immigrants. The end of the company’s system of labor division in turn pointed the way to the transformation of United Fruit as well as the broader U.S. empire.

Chinese Summary/中文概要： 在私营企业和美国的世界霸权之间有着一段远远超越人们认知的漫长历史。诸如联合水果公司这样的跨国公司代表着经济和文化全球化的早期阶段，而如今他们正在全世界范围内大肆扩张。如果深入挖掘全世界各国广泛的文献资料：美国、英国、哥斯达黎加、危地马拉、科尔比，你就会发现他们将“由上而下”和“由下至上”两种方式联结起来，使跨国资本、劳动力移民和种族国家主义所塑造出的美国在美洲中部乃至加勒比海地区的扩张中所扮演的角色更加深刻。《帝国商业》将公司之力和当地情况放在了美国帝国历史上的中心位置。

在20世纪早期，美国在美洲中部的影响力开始以私企，即联合水果的形式位居首位。这家公司建立在美国向海外市场跳跃的基础之上，最初依赖于英国西部的印度劳动力。而当其黑人劳动力开始地址白人的权威管理时，这家公司通过招募西班牙移民的方式，采取了一种劳动分工的策略。这样的一种劳动力组成系统让公司本身与其母公司国家的矛盾不断升级激化，美洲中部的民族主义者发表了宣言，不仅美国军事势力在该地区进行干涉，连美国人也开始雇佣当地黑人移民。直到20世纪三十年代，当华盛顿重新宣称对拉丁美洲进行军事干预，联合水果才开始追逐其“好邻居政策”，该政策削减了其殖民特权，并带来了一条从此禁止雇佣黑人移民的禁令。该公司的劳动力分工系统的终结反过来也为其向联合水果以及更广泛意义上美帝国的转型指明了道路。（DC）

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