MAKING AND UNMAKING NATIONS: WAR, LEADERSHIP, AND GENOCIDE IN MODERN AFRICA
Book ID/图书代码： 03360014B74270
English Summary/英文概要： Scott Straus seeks to explain why and how large-scale violence against civilians, in particular genocide, takes place. He finds that the dynamics of war matter, which is consistent with other research, but so do deep-rooted political ideologies and leadership. Grounded in the history of the major twentieth-century cases of genocide, as well as a now extensive literature on genocide and political violence, the book’s empirical heart is an analysis of three non-genocide cases (Cote d’lvoire, Mali, Senegal), where the author conducted fieldwork, and two genocide cases (Rwanda and Sudan).
The key is how leaders frame threats and define goals. Those ideas shape leaders’ strategies of violence, making genocide imaginable in some cases and less so in others. The origins of genocide are of course more complicated than leaders’ mental constructs and Straus discusses the importance of other factors, but he concludes that ideology is essential in explaining why countries with similar crises take different paths.
The book also includes a broad analysis of all major cases of large-scale violence in Africa since independence. Pairing Africa and violence might seem to reinforce the stereotype of a continent where atrocity and conflict run amok. But Straus warns that Africa is not exceptionally violent, nor is it monolithic. More importantly, unlike others, he credits the vision of those African leaders who crafted ultimately positive paths for their countries.
Chinese Summary/中文概要： 斯科特•斯特劳斯试图解释为什么会有大规模的针对平民的暴力行动的发生，特别是种族灭绝。他找到了与其他研究相一致但是根深蒂固的的政治意识形态和领导力的战争问题的动态。理智地分析了20世纪主要的种族灭绝的史例，以及大量关于种族灭绝和政治暴力的文学，这本书的经验核心是对作者进行实地调查的三个非种族灭绝案例（科特迪瓦，马里，塞内加尔）和两个种族灭绝案件（卢旺达和苏丹）的分析。
关键是领导框架如何威胁和掌控目标。这些思想塑造了领导人关于暴力的策略，使得种族灭绝在某些情况下可能发生，而在另外的情况下则少发生一些。种族灭绝的起源当然比领导者的心理结构更为复杂，斯特劳斯讨论了其他因素的重要性，但他认为意识形态在解释为什么发生类似危机的国家采取不同的方法方面是必不可少的。
本书还包括对非洲自独立以来所有大规模暴力的重大案件的充分分析。配对非洲和暴力似乎加强了一块暴行和冲突横行的大陆的刻板印象。但他警告说，非洲既不是非常暴力，也不是铁板一块。更重要的是，不同于其他人，他相信那些为他们的国家创造最终的积极道路的非洲领导人的视野。(LNL)
Awards/获奖情况：
About the Author/作者介绍： 斯科特•斯特劳斯是威斯康星——麦迪逊大学的政治学与国际研究系的教授。他写了《大屠杀命令：种族，权利和卢旺达的战争》，以及《卢旺达的再建：大规模暴力和内部敌人后的国家建设和人权》。他是《非洲的停滞的发展》的合著者，也是内罗毕的自由撰稿人。
Scott Straus is a Pprofessor of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is the author of the Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda, from Cornell, as well as Remaking Rwanda: State Building and Human Rights after Mass Violence and Intimate Enemy. He is the coauthor of Africa’s Stalled Development, and was a freelance journalist based in Nairobi.
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Rights Status/版权销售情况：Simplified Chinese/简体中文：AVAILABLE
Complex/Traditional Chinese/繁体中文：AVAILABLE
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