DAMS, DISPLACEMENT AND THE DELUSION OF DEVELOPMENT: CAHORA BASSA AND ITS LEGACIES IN MOZAMBIQUE, 1965-2007

Book ID/图书代码： 09894514B74509

English Summary/英文概要： Cahora Bassa Dam on the Zambezi River, built in the early 1970s during the final years of Portuguese rule, was the last major infrastructure project constructed in Africa during the turbulent era of decolonization. Engineers and hydrologists praised the dam for its technical complexity and the skills required to construct what was then the world’s fifth-largest mega-dam. Portuguese colonial officials cited benefits they expected from the dam — from expansion of irrigated farming and European settlement, to improved transportation throughout the Zambezi River Valley, to reduced flooding in this area of unpredictable rainfall. “The project, however, actually resulted in cascading layers of human displacement, violence, and environmental destruction. Its electricity benefited few Mozambicans, even after the former guerrillas of FRELIMO (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) came to power; instead, it fed industrialization in apartheid South Africa.” (Richard Roberts)

This in-depth study of the region examines the dominant developmentalist narrative that has surrounded the dam, chronicles the continual violence that has accompanied its existence, and gives voice to previously unheard narratives of forced labor, displacement, and historical and contemporary life in the dam’s shadow.

Chinese Summary/中文概要： 赞比西河上的卡布拉巴萨大坝建于上世纪70年代早期，那时是葡萄牙统治的最后几年，这个大坝也是非洲在非殖民化的动荡时期建造的最后一个大型基础设施项目。工程师和水文学家对大坝的技术复杂性和建造当时世界第五大大坝所需的技能深表赞扬。葡萄牙殖民官员说，他们从大坝的建设中获益——从灌溉农业和欧洲殖民的扩张，到赞比西河流域改善的交通，到这片不可预测的降雨减少的洪水。然而，不幸的是这个项目竟然导致了人类流离失所、暴力和环境破坏的层层叠加。即使在解放前游击队(弗伦特-德莫比安)掌权之后，它的电力也几乎没有什么好处。相反，它在助长种族隔离的南非工业化发展。”(理查德•罗伯茨)

对该地区的深入研究，考察了围绕大坝的主导的发展主义叙事，记录了伴随其存在的持续暴力，并在大坝的阴影下，讲述了以前从未听过的关于强迫劳动、流离失所以及历史和现代生活的故事。（WYL）

Awards/获奖情况：审查

“最后，对一座大坝进行了全面的、历史上的深入和生态学的研究。艾萨克曼的精彩作品展示了在卡布拉巴萨大坝下面的赞比西河，整个世界里的生活包括鱼、鸟类、人类以及其他因洪水泛滥而被洪水淹没的哺乳动物的整个世界都不再发生了。他们恢复了被那些致力于照顾和喂养这个大项目的国家所使用的恐惧和暴力所压制的声音。在它的横扫、深度和对所有受害者的生活经历的关注中，它是无与伦比的。” ——詹姆斯•C•斯科特，耶鲁大学，像一个国家的作者

“这本书是一个经典的、全面的描述，在这个案例中，莫桑比克最重要的“发展”项目是如何完成的，它引发了大规模的土地和水的掠夺，这对生活在赞比西河下游的数十万人的生计造成了不利的影响，而且是不可接受的。” ——美国加州理工学院，未来大型水坝的作者

艾萨克曼从农民、渔民和工人的角度，为他们的生活提供了一个令人痛苦的故事，他们的生活深受大坝的影响。对于大开发项目的好处的争论是一个重大的纠正。” ——理查德罗伯茨，斯坦福大学，奴隶制的非法交易的编辑

(大坝、位移和发展的妄想)，大量的直接引用了受大规模计划影响的人的第一手资料，分析了这个大坝项目的社会、环境和经济上的失败。在殖民势力逐渐衰落的时代，一幅河流被用作政治足球的画面，以及一个充满不公平的项目。这个优秀的研究为那些在赞比西河上建造新的破坏性大水坝的人提供了一个警示性的故事。”

“At last a comprehensive, historically deep and ecologically knowledgeable study of a great dam. The Isaacmans brilliantly show how, all along the Zambezi below the Cahora Bassa Dam, whole worlds of riparian life—fish, birds, humans and other mammals—dependent on the annual inundation of the flood plain have been stilled. They recover the voices silenced by the fear and violence deployed by states devoted to the care and feeding of this mega-project. Unparalleled in its sweep, depth and attention to the lived experience of all its victims.”
— James C. Scott, Yale University, author of Seeing Like a State

“The Isaacmans’ book is a classic, comprehensive account of how a large dam, in this case Mozambique’s most important ‘development’ project when completed, initiated a large-scale land and water grab that has adversely, and unacceptably, affected the livelihood of hundreds of thousands of people living in the lower Zambezi Basin.”
— Thayer Scudder, California Institute of Technology, author of The Future of Large Dams

“Isaacman and Isaacman provide a wrenching alternative story from the perspective of peasants, fishermen, and workers whose lives were deeply and irreparably impacted by the dam. [A] major corrective to debates about the benefits of big development projects.”
— Richard Roberts, Stanford University, coeditor of Trafficking in Slavery’s Wake

“(Dams, Displacement and the Delusion of Development), which is rich with first-hand quotes of people directly impacted by the massive scheme, analyzes the social, environmental and economic failures of this huge dam project. A picture emerges of a river being used as a political football in a time of waning colonial power, and a project fraught with injustices.… This excellent study offers a cautionary tale for those who would build new destructive large dams on the Zambezi River.”

About the Author/作者介绍： 艾伦•F•艾萨克曼是明尼苏达大学的历史学教授和西开普省的大学评议教授,是七本书的作者,包括莫桑比克:欧洲的非洲化机构,在赞比西河1750 - 1902(梅尔维尔•J •赫斯科维茨奖得主最杰出的非洲研究出版,1972年)和棉花是贫困的母亲:农民、农村工作,挣扎在殖民莫桑比克1938 - 1961(赫斯科维茨奖决赛,1997)。他还赢得了根根海姆基金会和麦克阿瑟基金会的奖学金。

芭芭拉•S•艾萨克曼是一名退休的刑事辩护律师，她在20世纪70年代末在莫桑比克的大学里生活和教授法律，是法学教授。她在莫桑比克写了妇女、法律和农业改革，并共同撰写了几篇关于莫桑比克历史的专著。

Allen F. Isaacman, Regents Professor of History at the University of Minnesota and Extraordinary Professor at the University of Western Cape, is the author of seven books, including Mozambique: The Africanization of a European Institution, The Zambezi Prazos, 1750–1902 (winner of the Melville J. Herskovits Award for the most distinguished publication in African Studies, 1972) and Cotton is the Mother of Poverty: Peasants, Work, and Rural Struggle in Colonial Mozambique 1938–1961 (Herskovits Award finalist, 1997). He has won fellowships from the Guggenheim and MacArthur Foundations, among others.

Barbara S. Isaacman, a retired criminal defense attorney, lived and taught law in Mozambique at the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane as Professor of Law in the late 1970s. She wrote Women, the Law and Agrarian Reform in Mozambique, and co-wrote several monographs on the history of Mozambique.

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